This asymmetry in the flow was found to associate with an elevated regional wall shear stress and the development of BAV aortopathy ( 6). Both in vivo data analysis ( 5, 9) and numerical modeling of BAV ( 10- 13) have reported a more eccentric systolic jet compared to TAV. For example, recent studies have found that BAV aortopathy is different from genetic aortopathy found in Marfan patients ( 8). While the exact cause of diseases associated with BAV remains unclear, as both genetic factors and biomechanical factors can play a role, growing evidence has shown that the abnormal hemodynamics of BAV could contribute to disease progression ( 4- 7). Compared with a tricuspid AV (TAV), BAV patients are more prone to harbor not only significant valvular dysfunction such as aortic stenosis (AS) and aortic insufficiency (AI), but also aortic wall abnormalities such as the ascending aortic dilation (aortopathy) and aneurysms ( 2). It was found that both the peak velocity and normalized flow displacement (rather than jet angle) of the systolic jet showed a strong correlation with the vorticity and helicity index of the flow in the ascending aorta, which suggests that these two metrics can be used for noninvasive evaluation of abnormal flow patterns in BAV patients.īicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is considered the most common congenital heart disease, occurring in 0.5–2% of the population ( 1- 3), where the aortic valve (AV) has only two rather than the normal three leaflets. The systolic jet was evaluated using the metrics including the peak velocity, normalized flow displacement, and jet angle. The flow structure at peak systole was quantified using the vorticity, flow reversal ratio and helicity index at four locations from the aortic root to the ascending aorta. At peak systole, the jet was usually eccentric, with asymmetric recirculation vortices, and helical flow motion in the ascending aorta. The results showed that the flow during systole can be characterized by a systolic jet and two counter-rotating recirculation vortices. In order to investigate the BAV hemodynamic, we performed 3D patient-specific fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations of BAV with fully coupled flow dynamics and valve motions throughout the cardiac cycle. Growing evidence has suggested that abnormal BAV hemodynamics could contribute to the disease progression. Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), the most common congenital heart disease, is prone to develop significant valvular dysfunction and aortic wall abnormalities.

Abaqus sph fsi